Sihloko: Isayensi
I-International Commission on Stratigraphy yenza isinqumo ngazwi linye futhi yagunyaza igama lesikhathi esiphila kuso. Inkathi eyaqala eminyakeni engu-4200 99,9 edlule futhi esaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi iNkathi Ye-Meghalaya. Incazelo iyatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenhlangano. Ukuqokwa komlando weplanethi kusungulwa esikalini se-geochronological. Futhi isikali sisekelwe ku-stratigraphy. Kulabo abangazi, ukushintshaniswa kwezingqimba zamadwala. Ngisho noma amagama adala ukudideka phakathi kwabangakaziwa (futhi lokhu kungu-XNUMX% wabo bonke abantu beplanethi enguMhlaba), kodwa phakathi kososayensi konke kunengqondo futhi kungokwemvelo. I-Meghalaya Century Uma singena sijula emlandweni, isintu siphila enkathini yeHolocene. Ngokunembayo, enkathini ye-Cenozoic yenkathi ye-Quaternary. Ukuze...
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EGibhithe, ososayensi baye bathola imfihlo yokwenza izidumbu. Okungenani, abacwaningi, ngesikhathi sokumba okulandelayo kwe-shaft engamamitha angu-30, bakwazile ukuthola indawo yokusebenzela. I-sarcophagi yokhuni neyetshe itholwe endaweni yokusebenzela. Ochwepheshe kuyodingeka bathole ukuthi izidumbu zezidumbu zenziwa kanjani eGibhithe lasendulo. Kungenzeka ukuthi amanye ama-artifact azovela ezindalini maduze nje. Ngokusho kososayensi, ishabhu yokwenza izidumbu ineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye. Indawo yokusebenzela itholakala eNecropolis, eduze kwaseMemphis yasendulo, endaweni yaseSaqqara. Ngaphezu kwale nkundla yokucobelelana ngolwazi, abacwaningi bathola ithuna elikhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi okutholakele kuyithuna elikhulu lapho amaPheresiya angcwaba amasosha awo. Ngempela, ngo-664-404 BC, kwakungamaPheresiya ayebusa iGibhithe. Zazenziwa kanjani izidumbu...
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NgoLwesihlanu umhla ziyi-13 kuNtulikazi wezi-2018 zizomakwa ngomunye umcimbi. Ukufiphala kwelanga ngokwengxenye. Usuku nomcimbi kubonakala kuyinto engaphezu kwemvelo kubantu abaningi. Okungenani ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, umhlaka-13 Julayi uphikisana kakhulu. Akukho ukukhuluma mayelana nokuphela komhlaba, futhi akekho olindele i-harbinger ye-apocalypse. Okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ababhula ngezinkanyezi, bezama ukusiza abakhileyo emhlabeni, batusa, ngalolu suku, ukuba bagweme uhambo olude futhi basebenzise isikhathi esiwusizo wena nomndeni wakho. I-Solar Eclipse: NgoLwesihlanu ngomhlaka-13 Ngokuphathelene nokusitheka kwelanga ngokwako, akuwona wonke umuntu ozobona umcimbi. Kuzokwazi ukubona iNyanga ivimba iLanga ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Australia, ukusuka esiqhingini saseTasmania nasengxenyeni ye-Antarctica. Iphuzu elingcono kakhulu le...
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Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, imikhuba emihle idinga ukuba osomabhizinisi bafake uthayi. Nokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 kuphela, ososayensi bathola ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyingozi kubantu. Ukugqoka uthayi kuyingozi empilweni - abacwaningi baseJalimane bakholelwa futhi benza izingxabano. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi kwabezindaba amadoda avame ukubuza lo mbuzo: "Indlela yokubopha uthayi ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo." Ukugqoka uthayi kuthinta ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi uthayi entanyeni ucindezela imithambo ye-jugular kanye nomthambo we-carotid. Lapha, ngisho nangaphandle kososayensi, abantu baqaphela ukuthi ukususwa kwezimpahla zebhizinisi kwaholela ekuzoleni nasekukhululekeni komzimba. Futhi ukuhlola okwenziwa ososayensi baseJalimane kwamane kwafakazela ukuthi uthayi uyingozi. Ungabopha kanjani uthayi ngaphandle...
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Ososayensi baseMelika abalokothi bayeke ukumangaza umphakathi ngocwaningo lwabo. Abameleli abavela eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota bayaqiniseka ukuthi isizungu siholela ekufeni. Ngokososayensi, ukuzihlukanisa nomphakathi kubangela “ukuguga” kobuchopho. Amathuba okufa akhuphuka ngo-70%. Esinye isiphetho ngaphandle kwabantu bokuhlola? Isizungu siholela ekufeni Abantu baseMelika bahlaselwa abacwaningi baseYurophu abanobufakazi bokuthi iningi labantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu emhlabeni banesizungu. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, abantu abadala abanesizungu baqhosha ngokufaneleka kwabo nokuhlakanipha. Ukubonisa ukuphakama kwabanye. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukungabikho kokucindezeleka nokuphila ngokuzithokozisa komuntu kubambezela isikhathi sokufa. Inkinga ayikwazi ukuxazululwa ngaphandle kokusebenza kwengqondo. Mhlawumbe isizungu siholela ekufeni, lapho kukhona amanxeba engqondo. ...
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I-United States of America, ngokokuqala ngqá eminyakeni engu-12, ikwazile ukuphuma endaweni yokuqala ohlwini lwama-supercomputers. Futhi lokhu kuphambene nesizinda sokwehliswa kwenani lamakhompiyutha anamandla kakhulu atholakala e-USA, ngokumelene nesizinda sezinga le-TOP-500 lomhlaba. I-supercomputer iyi-symbiosis yezinkulungwane zamakhompuyutha anamandla anama-cores amaningi kudivayisi ngayinye. Umqhudelwano wase-US osesikhundleni umenyezelwe ngoJuni 25, 2018, eFrankfurt (eJalimane). I-American platform Summit, esebenza ngama-petaflops angu-200 ngomzuzwana, ithathe indawo yokuqala. I-supercomputer iqukethe ama-node angu-4400, ngayinye yakhelwe kuma-chips ezithombe ze-NVIDIA Tesla V100 kanye nama-processor amabili we-Power22 angu-9-core. I-Supercomputer iyikhompyutha enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni Futhi, ku ...
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Isifo i-Alzheimer's asiqondwa ngokugcwele ososayensi, kodwa emhlabeni wesayensi kubonakala kunokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe. Ucwaningo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi odokotela manje banethuba lokuvimbela noma ukubikezela isifo esivamile phakathi kwesizukulwane esidala. Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwama-herpes virus i-HHV-6A ne-HHV-7, ngokusho kososayensi, kuyimbangela yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Imiphumela yocwaningo, eshicilelwe kumagazini i-Neuron, yagxekwa ngokushesha ngabanye ochwepheshe. Abasunguli bamangalelwa kwabezindaba ngemiphumela engathembekile. Eqenjini labantu abangu-1000 30 abatholakala bene-Alzheimer's, ama-6% kuphela eziguli ayenezinga eliphezulu lokugxilisa amagciwane e-herpes i-HHV-7A ne-HHV-30. I-Alzheimer's disease Association ene-viral ethology kumasampuli angu-XNUMX% ayanele. Okwe...
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Ukudla okungenamsoco kuthinta isikhungo somvuzo sobuchopho bomuntu. Lena yindlela ososayensi abachaza ngayo ukukhangwa kwabantu ekudleni okungenampilo. IYunivesithi yaseYale yenze ucwaningo futhi yathola ukuthi ngemva kokuzama ukudla okungenamsoco kanye, ama-neurons obuchopho bomuntu aphinde ajabule, ngokubuka nje isithombe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ababambiqhaza baboniswe ukudla okugayiwe kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okulula okunoshukela omningi, ama-carbohydrate namafutha. Isithombe ngasinye sidale ukuqhuma okusha kwama-neurons ebuchosheni bezihloko zokuhlolwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukudla okunempilo okusekela ukukhula komzimba akuvusi imizwelo ekhethekile phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ekuhlolweni. Ukudla okungenamsoco okubangela ukulutheka Uthando lokudla okungenampilo luphoqelelwa kumthengi ngokukhangisa. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukudla okungenamsoco ku-TV kuhlotshaniswa nokuhle...
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Enkampanini yamahhashi ka-Przewalski, aqoshwa nsuku zonke yizicupho zamakhamera endaweni engabaliwe, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zabona ihhashi elifuywayo elinethole. Umshado onjalo awubonwa ngabantu, kodwa imvelo inemithetho yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala kwehhashi elifuywayo endaweni engcolile ngemisebe kubonisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem yaseChernobyl nezindawo ezizungezile. I-Chernobyl. Indawo engabaliwe: ukubuyiselwa kwezilwane Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, ososayensi bakwazile ukuqopha amahhashi angama-48 e-Przewalski. Kungenzeka ukuthi inani lezilwane zasendle liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ngokusho kwenhloko yeChernobyl Nature Reserve, uDenis Vishnevsky, amahhashi abukeka enempilo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo somsakazo. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amahhashi kaPrzewalski anyamalala endaweni yawo yemvelo, azikho izimfihlakalo ekubukeni kwezilwane ...
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Isathelayithi Yomhlaba, iNyanga, isiphinde yakhanga imibuso yomhlaba. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesathelayithi kwamenyezelwa okokuqala yiRoscosmos. Okulandelayo, izimangalo zeNyanga zavezwa yi-NASA. Futhi manje, inhloko ye-Amazon, uJeff Bezos, uzwakalise isifiso sokuhlanganisa isathelayithi yomhlaba. Usomabhizinisi uhlela ukwakha indawo yokuhlala yabantu phezu kweNyanga. Uhlelo olunobuqili lwe-Amazon ukuthi ukuqoqwa kweNyanga kuhlelwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa nguhulumeni. Usomabhizinisi wakhipha ngokushesha ukwesekwa kwe-NASA kuphrojekthi futhi wamemezela indlela yokuhweba yokuxazulula inkinga. UBezos uhlela ukuba umnikazi weNyanga. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi usomabhizinisi usevele ephokophele enjongweni yakhe. I-Bezos isebenzisa isigidigidi samadola aseMelika minyaka yonke kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isathelayithi Yomhlaba. Ikoloni...
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Ososayensi enyuvesi yaseJalimane baye bembula imfihlo yokuthi kungani izinyoni zingenamazinyo. Ngokwezingqondo eziqinile zesintu, inkinga ilele ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Wonke ama-dinosaurs ezindizayo ahlala ezintabeni alahlekelwa amazinyo. Bazama ukuthola ukudla ngempukane noma ukubamba izinambuzane phakathi kwamatshe. Ososayensi bathi ukwenqaba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamazinyo kwanikeza izinyoni inzuzo. Okungukuthi, ngokunciphisa isikhathi ekufukameleni lapho kuchanyuselwa inzalo. Ngokusho kongoti, imvelo ithatha isikhathi eside ukwakha amazinyo. Futhi isikhathi siwumthombo obalulekile ezinyonini. Phela inqwaba yezilwane, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziphupha zizitika ngengane engakachanyuselwa. Kungani izinyoni zingenamazinyo? Ongoti bathi ukwenza iziphetho...
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Ngemuva kokuvela kwevidiyo yerobhothi i-anthropomorphic Atlas egijima ngokushesha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, umphakathi wahlukaniswa waba amakamu amabili. Ingxenye yabantu bomhlaba yazama ukucabanga abenzi bensimbi benza umsebenzi onzima womzimba futhi bevikela abanikazi babo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu babesaba. I-Artificial intelligence iyeza - amarobhothi angashintsha ngokuphelele abantu, ashiye izigidi zemindeni ingenamsebenzi. Umshini wengeze uphethiloli emlilweni, ukhumbula ubuchwepheshe obuhleliwe obuvela ku-movie ethi "I Robot", ezosiza ukulawula abanikazi. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buyeza: amarobhothi Amarobhothi ubuchwepheshe obukhula ngokushesha, kanye ne-microelectronics, okuhloswe ngaso ebhizinisini lokuzijabulisa. Ukuzimela kobuchwepheshe kanye namaqhinga okwenza izinto kuyajabulisa umbukeli, ojwayelana nemikhiqizo emisha ngokusebenzisa ...
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Ihora ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kwehlisa ukuzethemba - lena yindlela isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseBrithani esaqala ngayo umbiko waso, sikhuluma kwenye yezingqungquthela ezibanjwa minyaka yonke eNgilandi. Ukulutha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kanye nezindinganiso zobuhle, kucindezela inani labesifazane nabesilisa emhlabeni. Izindinganiso ezintsha zobuhle zinciphisa ukuzethemba kubantu besifazane. Amadoda ayesaba ukuhlangana namantombazane emigwaqweni futhi aqale ukuxhumana. Esikhundleni salokho, amahora achithwa kufunwa omunye uhhafu wakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukuthanda, ukucisha iso nokusho imishwana emifushane yokuncoma. Ososayensi abangamaNgisi bakholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ubunzima bokuqomisana...
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Nalapha futhi, izwe lesayensi lase-United States laqala ukucwaninga ngotshwala. Noma kunalokho, ngemiphumela ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala. Abantu baseMelika bathi utshwala buyandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo asenzeki ezingeni lofuzo. Futhi hhayi ngenxa yokuthikamezeka esibindini. Ososayensi bathi izinguquko ziqala ku-microflora yomlomo womlomo. Umphimbo, umminzo kanye nesisu kusengcupheni kubathandi botshwala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuhlola kwakuhilela abantu asebekhulile abaneminyaka engu-55 kuya kwengu-90 ubudala. Izifundo zahlukaniswa ngamaqembu. U-25% wabahlanganyeli uphuze utshwala okokuqala. U-60% wabantu uphuze ngokusesilinganisweni, kanti u-15% wawuyimilutha yotshwala. Utshwala buyandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza Ngemva kokuphuza iziphuzo ezinotshwala, ososayensi bathatha i-smear...
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Umbuzo wososayensi othi “indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho” ongazange ushiye ikhulu leminyaka uthole impendulo engalindelekile. Ngemva kokuhlola amakhulukhulu ezigulini, abacwaningi base-US bathole ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho nesibindi. Noma kunjalo, utshwala, obubhubhisa isibindi, buphazamisa ingqondo. Indle yomuntu onempilo izoqeda ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho esigulini Futhi lokhu akuyona ihlaya. I-cirrhosis yesibindi kanye ne-hepatic encephalopathy ibonakala lapho i-microflora yamathumbu iwohloka. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bamane bavuselela umzimba kusuka ngaphakathi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi imisoco imuncwa amathumbu, hhayi isisu. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho Abantu baseMelika bathi ama-50% eziguli ezibambe iqhaza ekuhloleni akhombisa ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Isiphetho sengxenye yesibili yeziguli ezihloliwe akwaziwa. Ngakho-ke imibuzo ...
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