Gimli Glider: I-Boeing 767 yokuqhekeka kokufika

Ukuphuhlisa umxholo ukuphumelela kokuqhekeka kweengozi inqwelo moya yabagibeli, masingalibali malunga nomsebenzi wobucwebe abaqhubi beenqwelo moya eBoeing 767. Kwi-23 kaJulayi 1983 yonyaka, isiganeko senzekile ukuba imithombo yeendaba yabizwa ngokuba yiGimli Glider.

Inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya yabakhweli iAir Canada, inombolo yomsila 604, yayikwinqwelomoya ehleliweyo iMontreal-Ottawa-Edmonton. Phambi kokuba induluke, amagcisa ayehlola izixhobo aze ayongeze ngenqwelomoya. Ndijonge nje inkcukacha enye encinci. Ngo-1983, iCanada yathatha isigqibo sokutshintshela kwinkqubo yeetriki. Ukutshintsha ukubalwa kweelitha zeelitha. Ngenxa yokubala okungachanekanga kweenjineli zomhlaba, endaweni yeelitha ezingama-20 lamawaka, iitanki zazaliswa kuphela ziilitha ezingama-5 000. Le yayiyimpazamo enokubulala abantu abangama-69 ababekhwele.

Isitshixo seGimli: Ukufika ngokungxamisekileyo

Xa ubhabha kwindawo ephezulu yeemitha ze-8500, ii-injini zacima. Isizathu sokuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bamse ngokukhawuleza, nangoku besebenza kwizixhobo ezikwiibhodi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwi-Boeing 767, uninzi lwezixhobo zixhaswe ngenjini ebalekayo. Ke ngoko, inxenye yezixhobo zasilela ngoko nangoko. Idiza ye-132-ton yaphenduka inqwelo enkulu yentsimbi, emane ihamba nge-inertia.

Umphathi wenqanawa, uRobert Pearson, kunye nomqeqeshi ongumqhubi wenqwelomoya uMaurice Quintal, bagqibe kwelokuba bafike eWinnipeg. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yothethathethwano nomhlaba, umphathi wenqanawa waqonda ukuba inqwelomoya ayinakufikelela kumcwangcisi wokufika. Ukongeza, kwimiyalelo yomenzi, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zeBoeing abakwazanga ukufumana ialgorithm yokulawula inqwelo moya kwiinjini zicinyiwe.

Isigqibo savela ngamathuba, umqhubi-nomqeqeshi ukhumbule ukuba akukho kude kangako apho kukho isiseko semikhosi yaseGimli. Umgaqo wawukwimeko egqibeleleyo, njengoko wawusetyenziswa yiklabhu ezenzekelayo yekhaya ukulungiselela ukhuphiswano. Ithrekhi yomdyarho yeyona ndawo ilungele ukukhwela umqhubi wenqwelomoya.

Abakhweli beenqwelomoya babenethamsanqa kakhulu ukuba umphathi wenqanawa wazibandakanya nokubhabha ebutsheni bakhe. Nangona wayengekho kwintaka yensimbi enjalo, wayenobuchule obumangalisayo bokubala ubude kunye nesantya. Kuphela sisantya esisebenza kwiplanethi, ukuphakama kumiselwe ngamehlo. Emva kokwenza ukubala okulinganiselweyo, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya babale inani lokuncipha. Yasala kuphela ukuba inciphise kwaye ihlale ngononophelo kwi-strip.

Udidi oluphambili lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya

Abakhweli bebengazi kwanto de kufike lo moya wokukhulula igiya yokufika. Uthutho lomoya luthuthumele, kwaye uvalo lwaqala egumbini. Ukucothisa isantya, uBob Pearson uthathe isigqibo sobuchule bokutyibilika kwephiko. Ngelixa indiza isiwa kwelinye icala, isebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ubuqili obunjalo buvumela abakhweli ukuba babukele umhlaba kwi-porthole.

Ukuthoba isantya, phantse ngaphambi komhlaba, inqwelomoya yanyikima kabukhali kwaye emva kwesibini ichukumise igiya yokubamba yazo zonke izixhobo zokusebenza. Ukukhawuleza kweekhilomitha ze-320 ngeyure, intaka yensimbi ihlolwe ngenxa yokuqhekezwa kwamavili kwaye yafika kwindawo engxamisekileyo.

Bonke abantu be-69 abasebhodini (amalungu e-8 abasebenzi beqela labakhweli kunye nabakhweli be61) basindile. Kuphela ngabantu be-10 abafumana ukulimala okuncinci. Kwaye emva koko, ngenxa yokufika ngokungxama ngokuphuma okuxakileyo ukuphuma. Umsila wenqwelomoya wenyuswe kakubi, kwaye ubude bendlela yongxamiseko yayinganele ukuba bachukumise ngokupheleleyo umhlaba. I-Boeing yalungiswa kwi-2 yosuku, kwaye washiya isiseko seGimli yedwa. Ulungiso olupheleleyo luxabisa i-1 yesigidi seedola. Emva koko inqwelo moya iqhubekile nokusebenza ngeenqwelomoya kwaye yasebenza inkampani ebeliphethe kude kuye kufika kuJanuwari 2008.

Ummangaliso kwindawo ephezulu: Gimli Glider

Kwibala lesiseko somoya sangaphambili, itheko lalizele ligcule. Abantu babunandipha ubomi: ibhiya, inyama, ikhefu losapho. Akukho mntu wayelindele ukuba i-132 yensimbi yensimbi iwele entlokweni yakhe. Kwaye kulungile, ukuba inqwelomoya ishiye ikhosi yesiqhelo ngokuhla okuthe tye. I-glimli glider yabonakala ngokungalindelekanga kwisikhundla esingaqhelekanga. Amaphiko ayebhekise emhlabeni, kwaye impumlo yendiza yayijonge phantsi.

Umzuzwana kamva, i-Boeing ibuyele kwisikhundla esifunekayo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu yachukumisa umda wentambo yokufika. Ngenxa yokuqhawuka, kuye kwagqabhuka amavili eenqwelomoya, kwaqhuma umsi wecuba kunye nepets. Akukho mntu wayelindele iziphumo ezinjalo, kwaye abaphulaphuli aboyikayo bakhululwa ngokukhawuleza. Inqwelomoya yema kwi-30 yeemitha zabantu yabangela intshukumo enobundlobongela evela kwabanye, ababeqhwabela izandla abaqhubi beenqwelo moya xa babemi.